Onset of many-body chaos in the O (N) model
Abstract
The growth of commutators of initially commuting local operators diagnoses the onset of chaos in quantum many-body systems. We compute such commutators of local field operators with N components in the (2+1)-dimensional O(N) nonlinear sigma model to leading order in 1/N. The system is taken to be in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T above the zero temperature quantum critical point separating the symmetry broken and unbroken phases. The commutator grows exponentially in time with a rate denoted λL. At large N the growth of chaos as measured by λL is slow because the model is weakly interacting, and we find λL≈3.2T/N. The scaling with temperature is dictated by conformal invariance of the underlying quantum critical point. We also show that operators grow ballistically in space with a "butterfly velocity" given by vB/c≈1 where c is the Lorentz-invariant speed of particle excitations in the system. We briefly comment on the behavior of λL and vB in the neighboring symmetry broken and unbroken phases. © 2017 American Physical Society.