Even a small amplitude charge-density wave (CDW) can reconstruct a Fermi surface, giving rise to new quantum oscillation frequencies. Here, we investigate quantum oscillations when the CDW has a finite correlation length ζ - a case relevant to the hole-doped cuprates. By considering the Berry phase induced by a spatially varying CDW phase, we derive an effective Dingle factor that depends exponentially on the ratio of the cyclotron orbit radius, Rc, to ζ. In the context of YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO), we conclude that the values of ζ reported to date for bidirectional CDW order are, prima facie, too short to account for the observed Fermi surface reconstruction; on the other hand, the values of ζ for the unidirectional CDW are just long enough. © 2019 American Physical Society.